The Zapotec people are one of the oldest and most significant indigenous groups in Mexico, primarily based in the state of Oaxaca. They call themselves Ben'Zaa, which translates to the "Cloud People."
The Zapotecs founded one of the most advanced civilizations in Mesoamerica. Their ancient capital, Monte Albán, was one of the first major cities in the Americas and the heart of an empire that dominated the central valleys of Oaxaca over 2,500 years ago.
Geography: They are mainly divided into three groups based on their location: those from the Valley, the Sierra (North and South), and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Language: Zapotec is not a single language but a group of over 60 different linguistic variants, many of which are not mutually intelligible.
The Women of the Isthmus and the "Third Gender"
Tehuanas: The women of the Isthmus are famous for their central role in the economy and trade. Their traditional dress (the chain-stitch huipil) famously inspired the style of Frida Kahlo.
Muxes: In the Zapotec culture of the Isthmus, there is a historical openness toward a "third gender." Muxes are individuals assigned male at birth who assume feminine social or aesthetic roles, and they are an integrated and respected part of the community.
Craftsmanship and Tradition
Alebrijes and Rugs: They are master artisans, known for black clay (barro negro) pottery, wooden carvings known as alebrijes, and wool rugs dyed with natural pigments like cochineal.
Guelaguetza: They are the main hosts of this world-famous festival, the largest in Oaxaca, where they celebrate mutual aid (tequio) and cultural exchange between different regions.
Photo Gallery: © Jordi Zaragozà Anglès / Mexico - 2013
Extended info about Zapotec people